Characteristic Establishing the characteristic Pain is localized to a specific nerve distribution History and physical examination Pain is burning or shooting in nature History Pain is relieved by injection of…

Fig. 42.1 Computer telemetry to access the status of the pump before pump refill Fig. 42.2 After carefully prepping the abdomen on multiple occasions, sterile drapes are placed Fig. 42.3…

Issue to address Method of investigation Spinal anatomy for needle placement Visual inspection of the spine Spinal anatomy for needle placement Plain films of the lumbar spine Ability to thread…

Fig. 18.1 S2–3 Retrograde: L2–3 epidural “lateral” approach (anteroposterior [AP] view) Fig. 18.2 S2–3 Retrograde: L2–3 needle tip in steep caudal view to limit hand exposure Fig. 18.3 S2–3 Retrograde:…

Fig. 31.1 The Bion implantable neurostimulator device. For investigational use only. Not approved for sale in the United States Fig. 31.2 (a) The implant location of the Bion in the…

Fig. 33.1 SSEP waveforms show P20 and N20 components with phase reversal indicating an electrode overlying the central sulcus signifying the motor and sensory cortex Fig. 33.2 Draping and planning…

Fig. 34.1 (a, b) Neuroanatomy of the branches of the occipital nerve The diagnostic workup for peripheral cranial neuralgia includes a history of pain originating or ending in the nerve…

Fig. 43.1 Intrathecal drug delivery may have advantages to systemic drug delivery The reported incidence of adverse events range from 3 to 24 %, most of which are minor and…

Migration risk Physician action Fatty tissue at anchoring site Debride fatty tissue around the needle entry site exposing fascia and ligament for proper anchoring Anchoring to muscle When using an…