Renal Diseases
Key points ▪ The presence of chronic or acute kidney disease has significant negative effects on surgical outcomes. Knowledge of key pathophysiologic aspects of glomerular and tubular disorders is a…
ANESTHESIA
Respiratory Diseases
Key points ▪ Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas have congenital and hereditary etiology, and patients are at risk for life-threatening rupture requiring surgery. ▪ Wegener’s granulomatosis can affect any organ system, although…
Obesity and Nutrition Disorders
Key points ▪ Obesity is a common disease. The number of overweight, obese, and morbidly obese persons has increased alarmingly in the last three decades. ▪ Body mass index (BMI)…
Cardiac Diseases
Key points ▪ Even the most uncommon cardiac diseases are characterized by common and classifiable patterns of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. ▪ Knowledge of disease effects on determinants of cardiac…
Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases
Key points ▪ During ophthalmic surgery, the anesthesiologist is often positioned away from the patient’s face, preventing immediate access to the airway, and during many laryngologic surgeries, must share the…
Electrical and Fire Safety
Chapter Outline PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY Direct and Alternating Currents Impedance Capacitance Inductance ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARDS Alternating and Direct Currents Source of Shocks Grounding ELECTRICAL POWER: GROUNDED ELECTRICAL POWER: UNGROUNDED LINE…
Machine Checkout and Quality Assurance
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW BACKGROUND PREANESTHESIA CHECKOUT Historical Perspective 2008 Recommendations for Preanesthesia Checkout Procedures Minimum PAC Checklist Automated Anesthesia Machine Checkout Procedures Machine-Embedded Preanesthesia Checklists Using Technicians to Perform Aspects…
Hazards of the Anesthesia Delivery System
Chapter Outline PERSPECTIVE Critical Incidents Adverse Outcomes COMPLICATIONS Hypoxemia Hyperoxia Hypercarbia Hypocarbia CIRCUIT PRESSURE AND VOLUME PROBLEMS Occlusions Insufficient Gas in the Breathing System Failure to Initiate Artificial Ventilation Leaks…
Airway Equipment
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW ANESTHESIA FACE MASK ORAL AND NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAYS Supraglottic Airways Laryngeal Mask Airway ProSeal LMA LMA Supreme Fastrach LMA Paraesophageal Devices King Laryngeal Tracheal Tube I-Gel SLIPA Pharyngeal…
Closed-Circuit Anesthesia
Chapter Outline PRINCIPLES Introduction Closed-Circuit Anesthesia Partial Pressure, Tension, and Concentration Lowe Technique ANESTHESIA ADMINISTRATION AND MONITORING Limitations and Solutions Anesthesia Assessment and Adjustment High and Low Flows Semiclosed Circuit…
