Abstract This chapter summarizes the key neurochemical mediators for activation and sensitization of primary afferent fibers at their distal endings in the tissues as well as the second messenger systems…
Abstract Understanding pain can be difficult due to a plethora of different types of terminology, different nomenclature, and oftentimes even overlapping and contradictory criteria for diagnosis. This chapter intends to…
Abstract Plantar fasciitis is characterized by pain and tenderness over the plantar surface of the calcaneus. It is twice as common in women as in men. Plantar fasciitis is thought…
Abstract Calcaneal spurs are a common cause of heel pain. They can occur anywhere along the calcaneal tuberosity but are most frequently found at the insertion of the plantar fascia….
Abstract Anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the deep peroneal nerve as it passes beneath the superficial fascia of the ankle. The most common cause of this…
Abstract The toe joint is susceptible to the development of arthritis from various conditions that can damage the joint cartilage. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis that results…
Abstract Patients with intermetatarsal bursitis experience pain and tenderness over the affected intermetarsal spaces, with the pain made worse by wearing high-heeled shoes or shoes that are too narrow. Obesity…
Abstract Arthritis of the ankle is a common condition. The ankle joint is susceptible to the development of arthritis from various conditions that can damage the joint cartilage. Osteoarthritis is…
Abstract Sesamoiditis is one of the most common pain syndromes that affects the forefoot. It is characterized by tenderness and pain over the metatarsal heads. Although the first sesamoid bone…
Abstract Mallet toe is a painful flexion deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint. The second toe is affected most commonly, although the deformity may occur in all toes. Mallet toe…
