Abstract Vertebral augmentation procedures, which generally refer to vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, are interventional procedures used to treat vertebral compression fractures that may result from a variety of conditions, including osteoporosis,…

Abstract Intrathecal neurolysis is considered when the patient’s cancer pain is intractable and refractory to medical and interventional therapies. The pain should be unilateral, located in the thorax and abdomen,…

Abstract Pain associated with cancer may be somatic, visceral, or neuropathic in origin, and approximately 50% of all cancer patients have a combination of pain types at the time of…

Abstract Spine pain arising from the facet joints is one of the leading causes of pain and disability. The facet joint is a common source of neck, shoulder, mid back,…

Abstract Radiofrequency and cryoablation are analgesic modalities which provide pain relief by interrupting nociceptive pathways. While water-cooled radiofrequency and cryoablation create a demonstrable tissue lesion, pulsed radiofrequency’s mechanism of action…

Abstract Discogenic pain, or pain arising from the intervertebral discs, is a common cause of chronic spinal pain, constituting approximately 40% of cases of low back pain. Discs invariably degenerate…

Abstract Sacroiliac joint pain represents a frequently misdiagnosed cause of low back pain, affecting between 15% and 30% of individuals with mechanical pain below L5. Although a battery of provocation…

Abstract Piriformis syndrome remains an oft misdiagnosed cause of buttock and leg pain. Because of its proximity to the sciatic nerve, variant anatomic relations between the piriformis muscle and sciatic…