Fig. 21.1. Material: A ballpoint pen and three permanent markers, black for normal sensation (isoesthesia), red for pain or tenderness (hyperesthesia), and blue for anesthesia, numbness, or discomfort (hypoesthesia). Each…

Fig. 13.1. Anteroposterior (AP) view of the pelvis is acquired with internal rotation of the legs, laying out the femoral necks to evaluate for possible fracture. There is severe osteoarthritic…

Fig. 26.1. Two-hit theory on cause of chronic groin and scrotal content pain (From Brahmbhatt et al. [3], with kind permission Springer Science + Business Media). CGSCP may affect over 100,000 men…

Extension 20° Flexion >120° Adduction 20° Abduction 40° Internal rotation hip in extension 30° Internal rotation hip in flexion at 90° 20° External rotation hip in extension 50° External rotation…

Fig. 19.1. Axial MR T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fat-saturated T2-weighted images of bilateral flat mesh repairs. The normal mesh on the left (white arrow) appears smooth and linear, particularly on T1….

Fig. 24.1. Inguinal neuroanatomy (From Chen et al. [11] with kind permission Springer Science + Business Media). Fig. 24.2. Retroperitoneal neuroanatomy (From Wagner et al. [12], with kind permission ©McGraw-Hill Education). The…

Fig. 25.1. Trocar placement and operative positioning. The lumbar plexus should be defined before any neurectomy is performed (Fig. 25.2) [18]. The subcostal nerve can first be identified at the…

Fig. 34.1. Right adductor tear with secondary cleft sign (fluid in pubic symphysis). Fig. 34.2. Right rectus avulsion injury with secondary cleft (sagittal view). Fig. 34.3. Right rectus avulsion with…

Fig. 43.1. T12–L1 thoracolumbar nerve root compression with referred pain. Physical Examination Physical exam begins with examination of the spine with the patient in a prone position. Lateral pressure on…

Fig. 36.1. (a) T2-weighted axial oblique image of the pelvis demonstrating a cleft sign (arrow) just inferior to the pubic symphysis (PS); (b) T2-weighted sagittal image of the pelvis demonstrating…