Urologic Investigation and Surgery
GENERAL PRINCIPLES The anesthesia risk depends on the state of the child’s renal function and any other disease process that may be present. 1. Most children who come for investigation…
ANESTHESIA
Orthopedic Surgery
A considerable proportion of children who undergo elective orthopedic surgery have multiple congenital anomalies and/or neuromuscular disease (see Appendix 1 ). Underlying diseases, particularly those associated with muscle weakness, require…
General and Thoracoabdominal Surgery
General Principles 1. Many of the children requiring thoracoabdominal procedures are neonates and preterm infants and therefore demand special considerations. 2. In most cases, the pathophysiology of the surgical disease…
Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiologic Procedures
Heart surgery in children is performed almost exclusively for congenital heart disease (CHD). The incidence of CHD is approximately 6 per 1000 live births. The lesions listed in Table 14-1…
Otorhinolaryngology
General Principles Although much of it is simple and commonplace, ear, nose, and throat surgery has a disproportionately large potential for anesthetic and surgical complications. It demands meticulous attention to…
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Many children require plastic surgery to correct congenital deformities. The head and neck are commonly affected, which may introduce special problems for the anesthesiologist. In addition, some children undergo plastic…
Dental Surgery
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1. Children do not usually cooperate very well under moderate sedation (so called “conscious sedation”) unless they are very motivated and specially prepared and therefore require general anesthesia…
Ophthalmology
General Principles 1. General anesthesia is almost always required because children do not tolerate sedation and local analgesia for eye surgery. 2. Intraocular surgery and surgery of the nasolacrimal duct…
Neurosurgery and Invasive Neuroradiology
General Principles 1. Perioperative management must be planned to minimize the possibility of increasing the intracranial pressure (ICP) and to ensure optimal operating conditions for the neurosurgeon. 2. Light general…
Postoperative Care and Pain Management
The Postanesthesia Care Unit General Management All children should be transported to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) in the lateral decubitus position with the head extended so as to provide…
