Ophthalmology
General Principles 1. General anesthesia is almost always required because children do not tolerate sedation and local analgesia for eye surgery. 2. Intraocular surgery and surgery of the nasolacrimal duct…
ANESTHESIA
Neurosurgery and Invasive Neuroradiology
General Principles 1. Perioperative management must be planned to minimize the possibility of increasing the intracranial pressure (ICP) and to ensure optimal operating conditions for the neurosurgeon. 2. Light general…
Postoperative Care and Pain Management
The Postanesthesia Care Unit General Management All children should be transported to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) in the lateral decubitus position with the head extended so as to provide…
Techniques and Procedures
Routine Preparation for Surgery Preoperative Assessment A careful assessment of the child must be made at the time of the preoperative visit. Although many children are healthy, some have diseases…
Medical Conditions Influencing Anesthetic Management
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Infants and children often have or are recovering from a runny nose or other manifestations of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) when they are seen for…
Clinical Pharmacology
Routes of Administration Intravenous. The intravenous route is the most certain route to deliver drugs to the bloodstream under all conditions and is the principal route for all anesthetic drugs…
Anatomy and Physiology
Central Nervous System The central nervous system in the neonate differs from that in the older child: the myelination of nerve fibers is incomplete, and the cerebral cortex is less…
Psychological Aspects
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ANESTHESIA FOR CHILDREN Hospitalization and/or medical procedures can have profound emotional consequences for infants and children. Some children demonstrate behavior disturbances that persist long after the event….
Regional Analgesia Techniques
Local Anesthetic Drugs Local analgesic drugs are now very widely used in children, particularly in the management of postoperative pain ( Table 5-1 ). TABLE 5-1 Maximum Doses of Local…
Provision of Anesthesia in Difficult Situations and the Developing World
Chapter Outline Difficult Situations Within Hospitals 321 Remote Anesthesia 321 Major Accidents And Disasters 321 The Battlefield 322 Nuclear Biological Chemical (NBC) Capability 324 Equipment For Other Battlefield Anesthetic Techniques…
