Renal Physiology
Abstract The main functions of the kidney are (1) regulation of salt and water balance, (2) toxin and metabolite elimination, (3) electrolyte homeostasis, (4) acid–base balance, and (5) hormone production….
ANESTHESIA
Pulmonary Pharmacology
Abstract Pulmonary pharmacology is focused primarily on medications that effect the conducting airways of the lung responsible for gas exchange at the alveoli. The maintenance of patent airways occurs naturally…
Blood and Coagulation
Abstract Hemostasis is a critical homeostatic mechanism of survival that involves vascular, cellular, and plasma components that interact to stop bleeding. Vascular effects include vasoconstriction, expression of procoagulant factors such…
Physiology and Pharmacology of Obstetric Anesthesia
Abstract The physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum periods are profound. In addition, the fetus presents a unique component of the circulatory and metabolic systems that…
Liver and Gastrointestinal Physiology
Chapter Outline Liver Anatomy Blood Supply Liver Function Storage Filtering and Cleansing Metabolism of Nutrients Synthesis of Coagulation Factors Bile Secretion Bilirubin and Jaundice Liver Regeneration Portal Hypertension Hepatic Drug…
Nutritional and Metabolic Therapy
Abstract The field of surgical and critical care nutrition has evolved beyond the basic provision of macronutrients to sustain metabolism into a discipline that treats and modifies disease states with…
Infection, Antimicrobial Drugs, and Anesthesia
Abstract Prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) remains a high priority, particularly as the number of surgical procedures performed continues to increase. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is cost-effective in reducing SSI….
Intravenous Opioid Agonists and Antagonists
Abstract This chapter reviews the basic and clinical pharmacology of intravenous opioids in the context of anesthesiology and perioperative medicine. Unique features of commonly used opioids are discussed and the…
Endocrine Pharmacology
Abstract Dysfunction of the complex physiologic processes of the endocrine systems can lead to significant and potentially life-threatening problems. Administration of exogenous hormones or drugs that mimic or antagonize hormonal…
Liver and Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Abstract One of the main functions of the liver is to protect the organism against intoxication. The endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells contains enzymes that protect the organism against an…
