The aim in this chapter is to explain the theory underlying some quantitative and semiquantitative methods used in perioperative TEE to estimate cardiac output, to evaluate the orifice size in…
In 1996, the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the SCA published practice guidelines for perioperative TEE. Updated guidelines were published in 2010. For the updated 2010 practice guidelines, information was…
Appropriate care of TTE probes is essential to prolonging the life of the equipment and maintaining patient safety. For each type of probe, the manufacturer’s specific recommendations regarding cleaning, disinfection,…
Values provided below are from a range of sources. Wherever possible 2-D TEE values are given. In situations where these values are not available, or are poorly documented, transthoracic echocardiography…
To maximize the diagnostic yield from transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), it is important to have an understanding of standard imaging views and important anatomic–echocardiographic relationships. Echocardiography is most commonly a two-dimensional…
Heart transplantation Assessment of potential recipients Echocardiography forms an integral part of the assessment of patients with end-stage heart failure who are being considered for cardiac transplantation Echocardiography provides information…
Three-dimensional (3-D) echocardiography is an exciting development with the potential to have a major impact on the practice of perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). While imaging the heart with 3-D TEE…
The appearance of many normal anatomic structures can be quite variable and may lead to pitfalls in diagnosis, resulting in unnecessary alarm and inappropriate intervention. These structures are distinct from…
Cornelis Kruger David Sidebotham Assessment of left ventricular (LV) function is an essential part—if not the primary focus—of every echocardiogram performed in cardiac surgical patients. A strong correlation between LV function and…
Epicardial echocardiography was first described in 1972. Subsequently, there have been a number of reports documenting its use, particularly during surgery, for congenital heart disease and mitral valve (MV) disease….
