Introduction Hypoxemia, a decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the blood, is a commonly encountered clinical problem among patients with acute or chronic cardiopulmonary disorders. Accurately characterizing the cause and…
Physiologic differences between arterial and venous blood for blood gas and acid–base measurements More than any other analytes, p O 2 , p CO 2 , and pH change markedly…
Metabolic acidosis Metabolic acidosis is defined as a clinical process that leads to a decreased blood pH (acidemia) and a decreased HCO 3 level. It is caused by a gain…
Introduction and history of blood gases The term “blood gas” refers to the parameters pH, p CO 2 , and p O 2 measured in blood. Note that the little…
Team Care, Referrals, and Practice Resources Deborah Bade Horn CASE STUDY Grace is 50-year-old woman with hypertension, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, and arthritis in both knees. Three months ago, you…
Pediatric and Adolescent Obesity Edmond Pryce Wickham III Melanie K. Bean CASE STUDY A 10-year-old girl is establishing care with you for ongoing primary care. At the visit, the patient’s…
Practice Management Ethan A. Lazarus Adam H. Gilden CASE STUDY A 62-year-old male patient with hypertension and obesity has recently retired. He wants to enjoy a better quality of life,…
Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Wayne J. English Vance L. Albaugh CASE STUDY 1 Ms. Jane M is a 45-year-old woman and has been your patient for 20 years. She comes…
Care of the Post-Bariatric Surgery Patient Christopher D. Still Peter N. Benotti Shannon Marie McShea Fahad Zubair CASE STUDY 1 A 45-year-old woman presents with a 5-month history of fatigue,…
Obesity Pharmacotherapy Donna H. Ryan Rekha Kumar CASE STUDY 1 A 44-year-old woman presents to her healthcare professional (HCP) for an annual wellness visit. She denies any new complaints, but…
