Local Anesthetics in Obstetrics: Evidence-based Applications, Controversies, Toxicity, and Current Therapies Barbara M. Scavone Introduction A wide variety of local anesthetic drugs are employed in obstetric anesthesia practice. These agents…
Systemic and Inhalational Agents for Labor Analgesia Samantha J. Wilson Roshan Fernando Introduction The use of drugs to provide pain relief during labor dates back to 1847, when James Young…
Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring: Old and New Concepts Michelle Simon Rakesh B. Vadhera George R. Saade Background The original goal among obstetric practice and basis for intrapartum fetal monitoring was the…
Alternative (Non-pharmacologic) Methods of Labor Analgesia Katherine W. Arendt William Camann Introduction Not every woman in labor needs or wants pharmacologic pain relief or regional analgesic techniques. For centuries, a…
Antenatal Fetal Assessment, Therapy, and Outcomes Christina M. Davidson The mean duration of pregnancy calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period is very close to 280…
Placental Transfer of Drugs and Perinatal Pharmacology David C. Campbell Monica San Vicente Introduction Walter Channing, Professor of Obstetrics and Dean of the School of Medicine at Harvard, described one…
Uteroplacental Circulation and Respiratory Gas Exchange Mark I. Zakowski Sivam Ramanathan Revised from the fourth edition, written by Julian T. Parer, Mark A. Rosen, and Gershon Levinson. The placenta is…
Physiologic Changes of Pregnancy Brenda A. Bucklin Andrea J. Fuller Unique anatomic and physiologic modifications occur during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and the postpartum period. Every organ system undergoes changes—from the…
Peripheral Nerve Blocks ▪Common Local Anesthetics Lidocaine 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 4%, 5% Chloroprocaine 1%, 2%, 3% Ropivacaine 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% Mepivacaine 1 %, 1.5%, 2%, 3% Prilocaine…
