Anesthesia Key

Toe fractures account for approximately 8% to 9% of fractures. Toe fractures are relatively straightforward to treat, and the outcome is generally excellent. Hence, they are frequently managed by primary…

Rib fractures are some of the most common thoracic injuries, but diagnosing them can be difficult because reliable clinical examination findings are lacking and radiographs are specific but not very…

Orthopedic surgeons or neurosurgeons manage most acute fractures of the spine. Knowledge of the signs of fracture instability is the key to appropriate selection of fractures that can be managed…

Elbow fractures in adults and children are among the most complex of all fractures. The higher complication rate and need for near-anatomic reduction in these fractures necessitate orthopedic referral in…

Humerus fractures constitute 2% to 4% of the fractures encountered in primary care and are relatively uncommon in children and young adults. When they do occur in these age groups,…

Fractures of the distal radius are among the most common fractures, and of these, the most familiar pattern is the Colles’ fracture, first described in 1814. Although Colles considered these…

Clavicle fractures are common injuries, occurring most often in children and young adults. Treatment is determined largely by the location of the fracture and the degree of displacement. Many clavicle…

Fractures of the carpal bones constitute approximately 6% of all fractures, but they are probably underdiagnosed. Scaphoid fractures are the most common fractures of carpal bones, accounting for more than…

Although each fracture requires individual evaluation and management, general principles of fracture assessment and fracture healing can be applied to aid providers in the proper care of patients with fractures….