Medical Gases: Properties, Supply, and Removal
Chapter Outline Physical Principles of Medical Gases 10 Common Gas Laws 10 Critical Pressure and Critical Temperature 11 Medical Gases 11 Oxygen 11 Nitrous Oxide 12 Medical Air 13 Entonox…
Anesthesia Machine: A Practical Overview
Chapter Outline What Is an Anesthesia Machine? 23 Fresh Gas Flow 24 Fresh Gas Flow and the Rate Of Change of Gas and Vapor Concentrations 24 Total Fresh Gas Flow…
Principles and Practices of Closed Circuit Anesthesia
Chapter Outline History, Philosophy, And General Comments 41 Clinical Practice Using The Closed Circuit Technique 42 Vapor Delivery Techniques 42 Free Water Requirements 43 Physiological Aspects Of Closed Circuit Anesthesia…
Anesthesia Equipment and Patient Safety
Chapter Outline Anesthesia Safety: Is It A Model Or A Myth? 1 Role Of Equipment In Anesthesia Safety 1 The Nature Of Errors 3 Use Error Versus Device Failure 5…
Femur and Pelvis Fractures
Fractures of the proximal femur are common in elderly individuals, who have decreased bone mass and a higher frequency of falls. Women are more likely than men to sustain femoral…
Metatarsal Fractures
See Appendix for stepwise instructions for weight-bearing and non–weight-bearing short-leg casts and a lower extremity splint used in the treatment of metatarsal fractures. See Expert Consult for the electronic version…
Ankle Fractures
The key to successful management of ankle fractures is distinguishing between those that are stable and those that are unstable. In the evaluation of any traumatic or twisting injury to…
Calcaneus and Other Tarsal Fractures
Fractures of the tarsal bones are relatively uncommon. The calcaneus is the tarsal bone most often fractured, representing 60% of all tarsal fractures. The talus is the second most frequently…
Patellar, Tibial, and Fibular Fractures
Fractures of the patella are uncommon and occur primarily in patients between 20 and 50 years of age. Determining the integrity of the quadriceps extensor mechanism is crucial in the…
Facial and Skull Fractures
As long as they are aware of certain pitfalls, primary care providers can manage nasal fractures, including reduction of selected displaced fractures. Fractures of other facial bones and the skull…
