Abstract Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common problems following surgery. This chapter is designed to educate the readers on the spectrum of antiemetic therapy available, and to which populations…
Abstract The main functions of the kidney are (1) regulation of salt and water balance, (2) toxin and metabolite elimination, (3) electrolyte homeostasis, (4) acid–base balance, and (5) hormone production….
Abstract Pulmonary pharmacology is focused primarily on medications that effect the conducting airways of the lung responsible for gas exchange at the alveoli. The maintenance of patent airways occurs naturally…
Abstract Hemostasis is a critical homeostatic mechanism of survival that involves vascular, cellular, and plasma components that interact to stop bleeding. Vascular effects include vasoconstriction, expression of procoagulant factors such…
Abstract The physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum periods are profound. In addition, the fetus presents a unique component of the circulatory and metabolic systems that…
Chapter Outline Liver Anatomy Blood Supply Liver Function Storage Filtering and Cleansing Metabolism of Nutrients Synthesis of Coagulation Factors Bile Secretion Bilirubin and Jaundice Liver Regeneration Portal Hypertension Hepatic Drug…
Abstract The field of surgical and critical care nutrition has evolved beyond the basic provision of macronutrients to sustain metabolism into a discipline that treats and modifies disease states with…
Abstract Prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) remains a high priority, particularly as the number of surgical procedures performed continues to increase. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is cost-effective in reducing SSI….
Abstract Dysfunction of the complex physiologic processes of the endocrine systems can lead to significant and potentially life-threatening problems. Administration of exogenous hormones or drugs that mimic or antagonize hormonal…
Abstract This chapter reviews the basic and clinical pharmacology of intravenous opioids in the context of anesthesiology and perioperative medicine. Unique features of commonly used opioids are discussed and the…
