Chapter 12 – Trachea and Larynx
Abstract The trachea is 10–12 cm long and 2–2.5 cm wide, extending from C6 to T5. The trachea is composed of 16–20 incomplete rings with a flattened posterior wall of…
Chapter 14 – General Principles of Chest Trauma Operations
Abstract The following are the major muscles that will be encountered and may be divided during thoracic operations for trauma. Anterior Chest Wall: Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles Pectoralis…
Chapter 26 – Duodenum
Abstract The duodenum lies in front of the right kidney and renal vessels, the right psoas muscle, the inferior vena cava, and the aorta (Figure 26.1). The duodenum is approximately…
Chapter 24 – Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA)
Abstract Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) is a compliant, endovascular balloon designed to occlude the thoracic or lower abdominal aorta in hemorrhagic shock, for temporary control of…
Chapter 11 – Vertebral Artery Injuries
Abstract The vertebral artery (VA) is the first cephalad branch of the subclavian artery. From a trauma surgery perspective, the VA is divided into three parts. Part I runs from…
Chapter 13 – Cervical Esophagus
Abstract The cervical esophagus extends from the cricopharyngeus muscle into the chest to become the thoracic esophagus. The external landmark of the pharyngoesophageal junction is the cricoid cartilage. On esophagoscopy,…
Chapter 21 – Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Evacuation of Retained Hemothorax
Abstract The majority of traumatic hemothoraces can be managed successfully with a chest tube placement. Retained hemothorax is defined as residual pleural blood >300–500 mL after initial thoracostomy tube evacuation….
Chapter 9 – Subclavian Vessels
Abstract On the right side, the subclavian artery originates from the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery, which branches into the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries. On the left side, it…
Chapter 8 – Carotid Artery and Internal Jugular Vein Injuries
Abstract The right common carotid artery originates from the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery. The external landmark is the right sternoclavicular joint. The left common carotid artery originates directly from the aortic…
Chapter 4 – Emergency Room Resuscitative Thoracotomy
Abstract The major muscles that are divided during resuscitative thoracotomy include the pectoralis major, the pectoralis minor, and the serratus anterior muscles. Pectoralis major muscle: It originates from the anterior…
