Anesthesia Key

K Maxillofacial trauma 1. Introduction     Traumatic disruption of the bony, cartilaginous, and soft tissues of the face and upper airway challenge the anesthesia provider to recognize the nature and extent of…

J Le fort procedures 1. Introduction a) The usual preoperative diagnosis for patients with maxillary fractures is facial trauma. Le Fort fractures are frequently associated with other skull fractures, zygoma fractures, and…

Kink resistant Thick-walled nonflammable cuff reflects laser and transfers heatCuff difficult to deflate if puncturedMetal may reflect beam onto nontargeted tissue Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) InexpensiveNonreflectiveMaintains shape wellDouble cuff maintains seal…

2. Preoperative assessment     Most patients are older and have a long history of tobacco and alcohol abuse. Associated medical problems may include COPD, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and alcohol withdrawal. a) History…

G. jet ventilation 1. Introduction     Jet ventilation has been used extensively for laryngeal surgery. When the trachea is not intubated, a metal needle mounted in the operating laryngoscope or passed through…

F Intraocular procedures 1. Introduction     Intraocular procedures may refer to vitrectomy, glaucoma drainage, corneal transplant, and open eye injury. These procedures involve entry into the vitreous humor. It is crucial to…

D Endoscopy 1. Introduction a) Endoscopic surgery includes panendoscopy, laryngoscopy, microlaryngoscopy (laryngoscopy aided by an operating microscope), esophagoscopy, and bronchoscopy. All of these procedures can be performed by using a rigid or…

E Foreign body aspiration 1. Introduction     Aspiration of foreign bodies is a common problem. There is a high morbidity and mortality, particularly in children, who aspirate foreign objects. Some common aspirants…

C Dental restoration 1. Introduction     Dental restoration procedures are performed under general anesthesia for a multitude of reasons. These include rampant cavities, history of mental disability, and an uncooperative patient who…

B Dacryocystorhinostomy 1. Introduction     Dacryocystorhinostomy is performed for patients who have chronic tearing or obstruction at the level of the nasolacrimal duct. This procedure restores drainage into the nose from the…