Sinus and nasal procedures
b) The anesthesia provider may be asked to use a hypotensive technique or slight head elevation (10–20 degrees) during the procedure. Using general anesthesia has been associated with an increased blood…
Rhytidectomy or facelift
S Rhytidectomy or facelift 1. Introduction Rhytidectomy is a reconstructive plastic procedure in which the skin of the face and neck is tightened, wrinkles (rhytid) are removed, and the skin is…
Radical neck dissection
R Radical neck dissection 1. Introduction Radical neck dissection is required when cancerous tumors have invaded the musculature and other structures of the head and neck. These tumors are often friable…
Ptosis surgery
Q Ptosis surgery 1. Introduction If ptosis is severe, the function of the levator palpebrae is poor. Most frequently, ptosis surgery involves shortening or reattaching the muscle at its site of…
Orbital fractures
O Orbital fractures 1. Introduction Surgical access to the orbit may be needed to repair orbital fractures. The orbit may be divided into several compartments, including the peripheral surgical space, subperiosteal…
Orthognathic surgery
P Orthognathic surgery 1. Introduction Orthopedic orthognathic procedures often require a sagittal splitting of the mandible to move the lower jaw either forward or back. A Le Fort I or Le…
Open-eye procedures
N Open-eye procedures 1. Introduction Intraocular pressure is determined by the balance between production and drainage of aqueous humor and by changes in choroidal blood volume. Resistance to outflow of aqueous…
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IV, intravenous; PH, pulmonary hypertension. Modified from Treprostinil (Remodulin) for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Med Lett. 2002;44:80-82; Sildenafil…
Nasal surgery
M Nasal surgery 1. Introduction Nasal surgery is often performed to restore the caliber of the nasal airway or for cosmetic purposes. Whether for rhinoplasty, septoplasty, or septorhinoplasty, the nasal cavity…
Myringotomy and tube placement
L Myringotomy and tube placement 1. Introduction A myringotomy allows the pressure to equalize between the middle ear and the atmosphere, reducing the pressure in the middle ear compartment. Simple tubes…
