B Aortobifemoral bypass grafting 1. Introduction Aortobifemoral bypass grafting is commonly performed to correct symptomatic unilateral iliac occlusive disease, which generally occurs in men older than 55 years. 2. Preoperative assessment and…
E Magnetic resonance imaging 1. Introduction MRI uses the dipole moment (the ability of the atomic nucleus to behave as a magnet) of the hydrogen atom. The patient is placed supine…
D Interventional radiology, radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and interventional neuroradiology 1. Introduction Interventional radiology (IR) involves minimally invasive procedures and therapies performed by radiologists, especially in patients at high medical risk. Major…
C Gastroenterologic procedures: Colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 1. Introduction Endoscopy for gastrointestinal procedures is the use of a flexible fiberoptic endoscope that transmits brilliant, coherent, high-resolution, magnified, direct visual…
C Anesthetic considerations for selected cases Pyloric stenosis 1. Introduction Pyloric stenosis is an obstructive lesion, characterized by the “olive-shaped” enlargement of the pylorus muscle. It is a common gastrointestinal anomaly,…
A Brachytherapy 1. Introduction Palladium-103 prostate implants are being used for brachytherapy as an optional treatment for prostate cancer. The sources are permanently implanted directly into the tissue. The seeds are…
B Regional anesthesia in neonates 1. Introduction a) Regional anesthesia in neonates is an acceptable option when the risks of complications during or after general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation are very high…
K Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy 1. Introduction Children may present for tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy with a history of recurrent infections (chronic tonsillitis) or a history of obstruction and sleep apnea. 2. Preoperative assessment…
G Pediatric regional anesthesia 1. Introduction a) Regional anesthesia provides perioperative analgesia (minimizing the risk of respiratory depression), modifies the metabolic responses to anesthesia and surgery, and improves patient outcome.
IM, Intramuscular; IV, intravenous; PO, oral; PR, rectal. 7. Monitoring a) Patient blood pressure and heart rate are monitored for the assessment of the cardiovascular system. b) Pulse oximetry and capnography are used…
