Modified from Roizen MF, Beaupre PN, Alpert RA, et al. Monitoring with two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: comparison of myocardial function in patients undergoing supraceliac, suprarenal-infraceliac, or infrarenal aortic occlusion. J Vasc…
CNS, central nervous system; FO, foramen ovale; G/A, general anesthesia; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; RPO, retinopathy of prematurity; V./Q., ventilation/perfusion. 5. System review and examination a) When performing a physical assessment, one…
C Operating room fire 1. Introduction a) Fires in the operating room are a relatively rare event. The classic fire triangle requires the presence of three elements: fuel, an ignition source, and…
G Thoracic aortic aneurysm 1. Introduction The mortality rate associated with thoracic aneurysms is well established. Patients with aortic dissections have only a 3-month survival time if they do not undergo…
A Adverse cognitive impairment 1. Introduction Impairments in cognitive functioning from disturbances in the brain’s physiology can easily occur in the surgical patient. Neurologic impairment can be devastating in postanesthesia patients…
F Portosystemic shunts 1. Introduction Portosystemic shunt procedures are performed to prevent or cease variceal hemorrhage resulting from portal hypertension in patients with liver disease, cirrhosis, ascites, and hypersplenism. The redistribution…
D Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair 1. Introduction In 1991, the first endovascular stent was performed to repair an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. The development of this technique has created a less invasive…
C Carotid endarterectomy 1. Introduction Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, are the third leading cause of death in the United States and account for a yearly cost of $14 billion in medical…
