Bleeding in Late Pregnancy
Fig. 5.1 Placenta previa. Ultrasound image showing placenta covering cervical os (arrowheads). Image courtesy of Ian Suchet Management of placenta previa depends on gestational age and stability of the mother….
Imaging Considerations in Pregnancy
Gestational period Effects Estimated threshold dosea Before implantation (0–2 weeks after conception) Death of embryo or no consequence (all or none) 50–100 mGy Organogenesis (2–8 weeks after conception) Congenital anomalies…
Cardiac Arrest in the Pregnant Patient
Causes of cardiac arrest in pregnancy Obstetric Non-obstetric Iatrogenic Eclampsia Pulmonary embolism General anesthesia-induced Amniotic fluid embolism Sepsis Regional anesthesia-induced Postpartum hemorrhage Trauma Other medications (e.g., magnesium) Antepartum hemorrhage Myocardial…
Non-obstetric Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy
Gynecologic Genitourinary Gastrointestinal Ovarian torsion Urinary tract infection Appendicitis Ovarian cysts Pyelonephritis Cholelithiasis/cholecystitis Fibroids Urolithiasis Pancreatitis Round ligament pain – Diverticulosis/diverticulitis Vaginal infections – Bowel obstruction Pelvic inflammatory disease –…
Trauma in Pregnancy
Fig. 11.1 Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations of Pregnancy Emergency Department Evaluation and Management Primary Survey The general principles of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) apply to all pregnant trauma patients,…
Premature Rupture of Membranes and Preterm Labor
Method Result Nitrazine Amniotic fluid pH 7.1–7.3 turns nitrazine paper yellow; >7.3 is blue Ferning Amniotic fluid crystallizes and appears like a fern, identified under microscope Pooling on speculum exam…
Local and Regional Anesthesia in Dental and Oral Surgery
Fig. 21.1 Prefilled dental local anesthetic cartridges. 2.2 mL, 1.8 mL, 1.0 mL Fig. 21.2 Dental local anesthetic syringes Fig. 21.3 (a) Lidocaine 2 % with epinephrine 1–100,000 multidose vial….
Evaluation of Neurologic Injury Following Regional Anesthesia
Procedure or positioning Nerve(s) compressed Symptoms Arthroscopic surgery of the elbow [3] Posterior interosseous nerve Wrist drop Abduction, dorsal extension, and external rotation of the arm [4] Brachial plexus Variable…
Complications of Thoracic Wall Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia
Fig. 12.1 A transverse section through a typical thoracic dermatome at the level of the intervertebral foramen (Modified from Ferrante FM, VadeBoncouer TR. Postoperative Pain Management. New York: Churchill Livingstone;…
Complications of Regional Anesthesia in Chronic Pain Therapy
Fig. 16.1 Prevertebral region of the neck . The target site for needle insertion in classical approach is marked as asterisk. The breadth of the transverse process is marked as…
