Liver Failure
Liver Failure Deanna Blisard I. Acute Liver Failure Introduction Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is synonymous with acute liver failure (ALF). Approximately 2,000 cases of ALF occur in the United States…
Acute Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation
Acute Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Cory J. Vatsass Lena M. Napolitano I. Introduction Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is gas exchange dysfunction including oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide elimination. Common etiologies…
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, Open Abdomen, Enterocutaneous Fistulae
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, Open Abdomen, Enterocutaneous Fistulae James F. Whelan Michel B. Aboutanos Rao R. Ivatury I. Abdominal Compartement Syndrome (ACS) Introduction Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a clinical condition…
Acute Kidney Injury
Acute Kidney Injury Feihu Zhou John A. Kellum I. Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill trauma patients and increases mortality. Most often, AKI is part of…
Cardiovascular Disease and Monitoring
Cardiovascular Disease and Monitoring Mayur Narayan Thomas M. Scalea I. Introduction Cardiovascular monitoring can help guide optimal therapy by ensuring adequate oxygen delivery to tissues while allowing for assessment and…
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Philip A. Efron Darwin N. Ang Lyle L. Moldawer Frederick A. Moore I. Introduction Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is defined as the dysfunction of at…
Orthopedic Trauma, Fractures, and Dislocations
Orthopedic Trauma, Fractures, and Dislocations Samir Mehta L. Scott Levin I. Principles and Definitions of Orthopaedic Traumatic Injuries Evaluation of the trauma patient with a potential fracture or dislocation should…
Priorities in the ICU Care of the Adult Trauma Patient
Priorities in the ICU Care of the Adult Trauma Patient Philip S. Barie Soumitra R. Eachempati I. Goals of Care Fundamental goals of intensive care unit (ICU) management of the…
Burns/Inhalation Injury
Burns/Inhalation Injury James H. Holmes IV I. Introduction Epidemiology Approximately 45,000 people in the United States require hospitalization each year for burn injuries, with10% suffering a concomitant inhalation injury. Overall…
Peripheral Vascular Injuries
Peripheral Vascular Injuries Louis J. Magnotti John P. Sharpe Timothy C. Fabian I. Introduction To optimize outcomes following peripheral vascular injuries, prompt recognition is crucial. This mandates accurate diagnosis of…
