Use of Local Anesthetics in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Therapy
Table 1.2 Local anesthetics with an amide bond A substituted amino group, the protonization of which determines the ratio of the cationic to the basic form. Only the free base…
Complications of Peripheral Nerve Blocks
Mechanical—acute Laceration Stretch Intraneural injection Vascular Acute ischemia Hemorrhage Pressure Extraneural Intraneural Compartment syndrome Chemical Injection of neurotoxic solutions Severity of Acute Nerve Injuries Classification of acute nerve injuries is…
Use of Nerve Stimulation and Stimulating Catheters in the Ultrasound Era
Fig. 4.1 Ulnar nerve stimulation. Electron flow is toward the needle with the needle as the cathode. This causes an area of depolarization around the needle tip and a subsequent…
