Pap Test Abnormalities
Chapter 166 Pap Test Abnormalities Michelle Collins Definition and Epidemiology The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is a screening test for cervical cancer that involves collection of exfoliated cervical cells for cytologic…
Lung Cancer
Chapter 109 Lung Cancer Alexander Fuld Definition and Epidemiology Lung cancer, also referred to as bronchogenic carcinoma, encompasses multiple malignancies involving the lung or airways. The vast majority of lung…
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction and Dacryocystitis
Chapter 76 Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction and Dacryocystitis Audrey C. Ko, James T. Banta Definition and Epidemiology The nasolacrimal duct, commonly known as the tear duct, is a tubular structure that…
Pneumothorax
Chapter 112 Pneumothorax Nena Tucker Definition and Epidemiology Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural space leading to a loss of negative intrathoracic pressure.1 Processes leading…
Corneal Surface Defects and Ocular Surface Foreign Bodies
Chapter 74 Corneal Surface Defects and Ocular Surface Foreign Bodies Neda Nikpor, James T. Banta Definition and Epidemiology A corneal surface defect occurs when the corneal epithelium is interrupted. Direct…
Genital Tract Cancers
Chapter 163 Genital Tract Cancers Patricia Polgar-Bailey Gynecologic malignant neoplasms are cancers of the female genital tract; they include cancers of the endometrium, ovary, fallopian tube, vulva, vagina, and cervix….
Fertility Control
Chapter 162 Fertility Control Richard M. Prior Definition and Epidemiology In the United States, 99% of sexually active women have used contraception at some time in their lives. From 2006…
Dyspareunia
Chapter 160 Dyspareunia Marie Elena Botte Definition and Epidemiology Dyspareunia is defined as recurrent or persistent genital pain associated with sexual intercourse. The condition is not unique to women; men…
Dysmenorrhea
Chapter 159 Dysmenorrhea Elke Jones Zschaebitz Definition and Epidemiology The term dysmenorrhea, from the Greek word meaning “difficult monthly flow,” refers to painful menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is classified as either a…
Chronic Pelvic Pain
Chapter 158 Chronic Pelvic Pain Patricia Polgar-Bailey Definition and Epidemiology Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a continuous or episodic, nonmenstrual pain of at least 6 months’ duration, which may be…
