Anesthesia Key

Spinal Anesthesia Francis V. Salinas De Q.H. Tran KEY POINTS 1. Spinal blocks provide a reliable and rapid onset of dense surgical anesthesia. They should be performed below the L2-L3…

Local Anesthetic Pharmacology Francis V. Salinas KEY POINTS 1. Local anesthetics must penetrate through several extraneural connective tissue layers to reach the axonal membrane. 2. Local anesthetics provide anesthesia and…

Premedication, Monitoring, and Multimodal Analgesia Rebecca L. Johnson Michael F. Mulroy KEY POINTS 1. Preoperative optimization of the patient’s perioperative pain management with the use of multimodal analgesia has emerged…

Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesiology Michael D. Herrick Brian D. Sites KEY POINTS 1. Ultrasound technology allows the intimate imaging of nerves, needle, and surrounding structures. 2. Ultrasound images are generated when…

Equipment Andrew T. Gray KEY POINTS 1. Nerve stimulation can be used to locate peripheral nerves for regional blocks. Short-duration impulses (0.1 ms) are effective in stimulating motor fibers, whereas…

Regional Anesthesia Systems Edward R. Mariano KEY POINTS 1. Health-care is about value, not volume. Every new program or service will be evaluated based on its value contribution. 2. The…