(Adapted from Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Evidence-based surgical care and the evolution of fast-track surgery. Ann Surg 2008; 248:189–198, with permission) Perioperative Elements Contributing to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)…
Anesthetic Agents and Cerebral Physiology Overall, most general anesthetics have a favorable effect on the central nervous system (CNS) by reducing electrical activity. The effects however depend on the type…
Postoperative Shivering Causes of postoperative shivering: Shivering may occur because of hypothermia or the aftereffects of general anesthetic agents. It is also common in postpartum patients. Shivering is the…
Anatomic Approach Midline • Depression between spinous processes of the vertebra above and below the level to be used is palpated; this is the needle entry site. • The needle…
Systemic Absorption of Injected Local Anesthetics 1. Depends on vascularity of site of injection: intravenous > tracheal > intercostal > paracervical > epidural > brachial plexus > sciatic > subcutaneous….
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> NUTRITION IN PERIOPERATIVE AND CRITICAL CARE Nutrition Basics • Appropriate nutritional support has been recognized in recent years to be of key importance…
Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block An interscalene brachial plexus block is indicated for procedures involving the shoulder and upper arm. Roots C5 to C7 are most densely blocked, and the ulnar…
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR TRAUMA AND EMERGENCY SURGERY Initial Assessment of the Trauma Patient Airway Basic life support: Effective basic life support prevents hypoxia and…
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY Bone Cement Bone cement, polymethylmethacrylate, is frequently required for joint arthroplasties. The cement interdigitates within the interstices of cancellous…
