FIGURE 54.1 Prescription drug use in the United States in 2007–2010, by age group. Data from Health United States, 2012. DHHS Publication No. 2013-1232, May, 2013. Toxic Mechanism The toxicity of…
Influence of Plasma Volume The problem with the hematocrit and Hb concentration as measures of O2 carrying capacity is the influence of plasma volume on these variables. This is demonstrated…
1754 Calcium and phosphorus are responsible for much of the structural integrity of the bony skeleton. Although neither is found in abundance in the soft tissues, both have an important…
FIGURE 17.1 Rates of survival and satisfactory neurologic recovery in cardiac arrests that occur inside the hospital (graph on the left) and outside the hospital (graph on the right), grouped according…
Both measurements are volume-dependent and effort-dependent, so maximum patient effort is required for reliable recordings. The FEV1 is the preferred measurement because it is less variable and more likely to…
Diagnosis The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis requires: (a) an increase in serum levels of pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase) to at least 3 times the upper limit of normal, and…
Plasma vs. Interstitial Fluid Extracellular fluid accounts for about 40% of the total body fluid, and is composed of extravascular (interstitial) and intravascular (plasma) fluid compartments. Comparison of interstitial fluid…
1978 For patients who are unable to eat, the preferred method of nutrition support is the infusion of liquid feeding formulas into the stomach or small bowel (1,2). This mimics…
FIGURE 33.1 Mechanisms of bicarbonate reabsorption and secretion in the renal collecting tubules. CA = carbonic anhydrase, Pn = pendrin (the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger). See text for explanation. Bicarbonate Secretion Bicarbonate can…
FIGURE 55.1 Influence of 50% carboxyhemoglobin on the relationship between oxygen tension (PO2) and oxygen content. Other Effects Carbon monoxide has toxic effects that are unrelated to COHb (4). These effects…
