Acute Aortic Syndromes
Acute Aortic Syndromes Leon M. Ptaszek Eric M. Isselbacher Amy E. Spooner Introduction Representing the most lethal conditions affecting the aorta, acute aortic syndromes are associated with a high mortality…
Evaluation and Management of Hypertension in the Intensive Care Unit
Evaluation and Management of Hypertension in the Intensive Care Unit Benjamin M. Scirica Robert J. Heyka Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies Patients with elevated blood pressure (BP) in the intensive care…
Critical Care of Pericardial Disease
Critical Care of Pericardial Disease Akshay S. Desai Kenneth L. Baughman† †Deceased Pericardial Anatomy The pericardium consists of two layers: the inner layer (visceral pericardium) is a thin, elastic monolayer…
Respiratory Monitoring during Mechanical Ventilation
Respiratory Monitoring during Mechanical Ventilation Todd W. Sarge Ray Ritz Daniel Talmor Respiratory function may be simply classified into ventilation and oxygenation, where ventilation and oxygenation are quantified by the…
Management of Advanced Heart Failure
Management of Advanced Heart Failure G. William Dec Advanced heart failure accounts for a small minority (approximately 10%) of patients with chronic disease. It is generally defined as persistent New…
Approach to the Patient with Hypotension and Hemodynamic Instability
Approach to the Patient with Hypotension and Hemodynamic Instability Michael M. Givertz James C. Fang Hypotension and hemodynamic instability are frequently encountered clinical problems in the intensive care setting. When…
Echocardiography in the Intensive Care Unit
Echocardiography in the Intensive Care Unit Achikam Oren-Grinberg Sajid Shahul Adam B. Lerner Introduction Echocardiography was introduced to the operating suite in the 1970s, with epicardial echocardiography as its initial…
Monitoring Gastrointestinal Tract Function
Monitoring Gastrointestinal Tract Function Ruben J. Azocar Laura Santos Pavia Suresh Agarwal Gastrointestinal system function is of paramount importance for the maintenance of the body’s homeostasis, which is not only…
Neurologic Multimodal Monitoring
Neurologic Multimodal Monitoring Raphael A. Carandang Wiley R. Hall Donald S. Prough Neurologic function is a major determinant of quality of life. Injury or dysfunction can have a profound effect…
Minimally Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
Minimally Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring Andrew J. Goodwin Ednan K. Bajwa Atul Malhotra Introduction The assessment of cardiac output (CO) has historically been vital to the management of critically ill patients….
