J Anesthesia for the pregnant patient undergoing a nonobstetric procedure 1. Introduction a) Surgery for nonobstetric procedures occurs in up to 2% of women. b) Approximately 42% of procedures occur in the first…
H Vaginal delivery 1. Preoperative assessment See the discussion of C-section earlier in this section. 2. Patient preparation a) All patients should have an IV catheter 18 gauge or larger placed and should…
I Obstetric complications From 1990 to 2005, the maternal mortality rate in the United States was 15 per 100,000 live births. The most common causes of maternal death include hemorrhage,…
F Loop electrosurgical excision procedure 1. Introduction The loop electrosurgical excision procedure is performed for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. This form of electrosurgery uses a loop electrode…
G Pelvic exenteration 1. Introduction Pelvic exenteration is performed for the treatment of advanced, recurrent, radioresistant cervical carcinoma. It is considered a radical surgical approach because all pelvic tissues, including the…
D Gynecologic laparoscopy 1. Introduction Laparoscopy is a common endoscopic technique in gynecologic procedures. It is frequently used to diagnose or treat pelvic conditions that may include sterilization, adhesions, pain, endometriosis,…
E Hysterectomy: Vaginal or total abdominal 1. Introduction Hysterectomy is commonly performed to treat uncontrolled uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, uterine myoma, gynecologic cancer, adhesions, endometriosis, and pelvic relaxation syndrome. Frequently, laparoscopy is…
C Dilatation and curettage 1. Introduction Dilatation and curettage (D & C) involves dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrial lining of the uterus. The procedure is done to…
B Cesarean section 1. Introduction A cesarean section (C-section) is the surgical removal of a fetus through an abdominal and uterine incision. A low transverse incision is the most common; in…
D Thoracic and lumbar spinal instrumentation and fusion 1. Introduction Anterolateral, posterior, or combined anteroposterior approaches can be used to treat pathologic processes of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Spinal instrumentation…
