Acute renal failure
A Acute renal failure Definition Acute renal failure (acute tubular necrosis, vasomotor neuropathy, lower nephron necrosis) is defined as the sudden inability of the kidneys to vary urine volume and…
Rheumatoid arthritis
I Rheumatoid arthritis Definition Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory polyarthropathy with myriad degrees of systemic involvement. The disease is multifactorial, and the clinical picture varies widely in severity,…
Myotonic dystrophy
G Myotonic dystrophy Definition The myotonias are a group of hereditary degenerative muscle diseases that include myotonic dystrophy, myotonia congenita (Thomsen disease), and paramyotonia congenita. A symptom common to all…
Pectus deformities
H Pectus deformities Pectus excavatum Definition Pectus excavatum, also referred to as funnel chest, is the most common chest wall deformity, occurring in one in 400 children. Pathophysiology Pectus excavatum…
Myasthenia gravis
F Myasthenia gravis Definition Myasthenia gravis, a chronic disease of the neuromuscular junction, is manifested by increasing skeletal muscle weakness, fatigability on effort, and at least partial restoration of function…
Muscular dystrophy
E Muscular dystrophy Definition Muscular dystrophy is a heterogeneous set of diseases that includes fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy, limb-girdle dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and others. DMD, also…
Malignant hyperthermia
D Malignant hyperthermia Definition and incidence Malignant hyperthermia is an uncommon, life-threatening hypermetabolic disorder of skeletal muscle triggered in susceptible individuals by potent inhalation agents, including sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane, and…
Lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome
C Lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome Incidence Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disease that classically occurs in patients with malignant disease, particularly small cell carcinoma of the bronchi. One-third…
Ankylosing spondylitis
A Ankylosing spondylitis Definition and incidence Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), also known as rheumatoid spondylitis and Marie-Strumpell disease, is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints…
Kyphoscoliosis
B Kyphoscoliosis Definition and incidence Kyphosis is a deformity marked by an accentuated posterior curvature. Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. Kyphoscoliosis results when both kyphosis and scoliosis…
