Cystic fibrosis
F Cystic fibrosis Definition Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-shortening autosomal recessive disorder. Incidence and prevalence Cystic fibrosis affects an estimated 30,000 persons in the United States, with 1000…
Cor pulmonale
E Cor pulmonale Definition The term cor pulmonale or pulmonary heart disease refers to patients exhibiting pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) resulting in progressive right ventricular hypertrophy, dilation, and eventual cardiac…
Aspiration pneumonia
B Aspiration pneumonia Definition Two entirely separate clinical aspiration disorders exist. One occurs after the aspiration of solid food and produces a picture of laryngeal or bronchial obstruction, an the…
Pheochromocytoma
From Landsberg L, Young JB. Catecholamines and the adrenal medulla. In Wilson JD, Foster DW, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1998:707. Locations of Extraadrenal Pheochromocytomas Location…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Definition Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a “disorder characterized by abnormal tests of expiratory flow that does not change markedly over periods of several…
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
A Adult respiratory distress syndrome Definition The term acute respiratory failure is often used synonymously with acute (formerly adult) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although ARDS may be caused by or…
Urolithiasis
C Urolithiasis Definition Urolithiasis, or “kidney stones,” refers to the presence of calculi, typically composed of calcium oxalate, in the urinary system. These calculi result from hypercalcemia or hyperoxaluria. Other…
renal disease
Primary renal disease Failure classified according to urine flow rates is known as oliguric, nonoliguric, or polyuric failure. Oliguria is defined as a urinary flow rate less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr…
Chronic renal failure
Minimal changes in renal hemodynamics Presence of peripheral neuropathyTendency for bleedingPatient anxietyProlonged proceduresHypotension with sympathetic block; may cause reluctance to expand volume Inhalation anesthetics Good airway controlBlood pressure controlDuration not…
