Introduction The contents of the cranium can be divided into three major constituents. The brain or tissue compartment accounts for approximately 85% of the total intracranial volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)…
Introduction In recent years, neuraxial analgesia for cardiac surgery has become an area of intense interest and debate in the adult cardiothoracic anesthesiology literature. Although spinal and epidural analgesia have…
Introduction The importance of excessive blood loss after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is related to its significant association with deleterious perioperative outcomes, including all the risks of blood transfusion….
Introduction Infrainguinal revascularization includes endarterectomy, bypass of the femoral artery or its branches, or both. Patients with peripheral vascular disease often have conditions associated with generalized vascular disease, such as…
Introduction Trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, responsible for 8% of all deaths. In the United States, it is the leading cause of death for individuals…
Introduction Neurologic injury from surgery results in substantial increased morbidity, mortality, and cost, and, most important, it is devastating to patients and their families. Thus techniques to lessen, reverse, and…
Introduction Perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) is a leading cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Although it appears that its incidence and associated mortality rate have…
Introduction Ultrasound (US)-guided peripheral nerve blockade is gaining popularity among anesthesiologists. US guidance transformed peripheral nerve blocks from blind procedures relying on anatomic landmarks and indirect methods to localize different…
Introduction Despite advances in equipment and regional anesthetic techniques, postdural puncture headache (PDPH) remains a persistent problem. In many cases, the headache is mild in intensity and brief in duration,…
Introduction The attempt to minimize exposure to allogeneic blood products remains a goal of perioperative care despite improvements in the safety of the blood supply. The risks of viral infection,…
