Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Abstract Peripheral nerve stimulation has been in existence for 50 years and has evolved over that time. Original designs of electrodes were cumbersome and required surgical open placement. Problems with…
Interventional Pain Procedures in Patients on Anticoagulants
Abstract The American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA) guidelines on interventional pain procedures are more stringent compared to their guidelines on regional anesthesia. This is because of the type of…
Efficacy of Interventional Procedures for Neuropathic Pain
Abstract We present an up-to-date summary of the scientific evidence on (1) the diagnostic value of neural blockade in radiculopathy, peripheral neuropathic pain, and complex regional pain syndrome; (2) the…
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty
Abstract Vertebral augmentation procedures, which generally refer to vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, are interventional procedures used to treat vertebral compression fractures that may result from a variety of conditions, including osteoporosis,…
Central and Peripheral Neurolysis
Abstract Intrathecal neurolysis is considered when the patient’s cancer pain is intractable and refractory to medical and interventional therapies. The pain should be unilateral, located in the thorax and abdomen,…
Neurolytic Sympathetic Blocks
Abstract Pain associated with cancer may be somatic, visceral, or neuropathic in origin, and approximately 50% of all cancer patients have a combination of pain types at the time of…
Implanted Drug Delivery Systems for Control of Chronic Pain
Abstract The intrathecal delivery of medications has a long history and holds the promise of providing significant analgesia with diminished medication-related side effects. Early work dates to the late 1800s…
Facet Syndrome
Abstract Spine pain arising from the facet joints is one of the leading causes of pain and disability. The facet joint is a common source of neck, shoulder, mid back,…
Pulsed Radiofrequency, Water-Cooled Radiofrequency, and Cryoneurolysis
Abstract Radiofrequency and cryoablation are analgesic modalities which provide pain relief by interrupting nociceptive pathways. While water-cooled radiofrequency and cryoablation create a demonstrable tissue lesion, pulsed radiofrequency’s mechanism of action…
Discography
Abstract Discogenic pain, or pain arising from the intervertebral discs, is a common cause of chronic spinal pain, constituting approximately 40% of cases of low back pain. Discs invariably degenerate…
