Analgesia for iliac crest bone graft
Figure 34.1 Innervation of the iliac crest. The course of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves is shown. Injection sites for nerve blocks are indicated. (Courtesy of Perry Ng, Faculty of…
Ankle fracture
Figure 28.1 Cadaveric image of the sciatic nerve. (Image courtesy of Laura Clark, MD). Figure 28.2 Sensory distribution of the lower extremity [2]. Many approaches to sciatic nerve blockade exist:…
Rotator cuff repair
Figure 30.1 Ultrasound image of interscalene brachial plexus visualized between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. In the out-of-plane method the needle tip is not visualized; therefore, localizing the needle…
Rib fractures: a review of truncal blocks
Figure 26.1 Identify the appropriate spinous process. A point 2.5 cm lateral to the superior border of the spinous process is marked. Lidocaine is infiltrated. Before introducing the Tuohy block…
Wrist fractures
Figure 33.1 Ultrasound-guided view of the supraclavicular brachial plexus. The brachial plexus is located posterolateral to the subclavian (SC) artery. Note the close proximity of the first rib and pleura….
Total elbow replacement
Figure 21.1 The innervation of the elbow by all six peripheral nerve originating from the brachial plexus. (Reprinted from Anesthesia and Orthopedic Surgery. A. P. Boezaart (ed) [8], with kind…
Liposomal local anesthetics
Figure 5.1 Diagram of multivesicular liposomal bupivacaine. (©Pacira Pharmaceuticals Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license). Body heat destabilizes the phospholipid layer causing degradation of the membrane, resulting in a…
Hand surgery and choosing appropriate anesthetic techniques
Figure 32.1 Nerve supply of the hand and forearm. LCNF: lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm; MCNF: medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm; MN: median nerve; RN: radial nerve; UN:…
Total shoulder replacement
Figure 20.1 Protocol for preoperative antiplatelet therapy with bare-metal stents (BMS). (Reproduced and distributed with the permission of Thomas Vetter, “Preoperative management of antiplatelet drugs for a coronary artery stent:…
Geriatrics
Figure 12.1 Pulmonary physiology of aging. In the cardiovascular system, decreased cardiac relaxation due to myocardial stiffening leads to impaired diastolic filling [15]. Vascular elasticity decreases, making hypertension and compensatory…
