I. COSTS AND BURDEN OF CRITICAL CARE A. Caring for the critically ill or injured is a complex and resource-intensive endeavor. There are roughly 6,000 intensive care units in the United States,…
Optimal management of fluids, electrolytes, and acid–base status in critically ill patients requires a general understanding of their normal composition and regulation. Disease processes, trauma, and surgery can all affect…
I. INTRODUCTION A. Common Problems and Diagnoses Requiring Neurocritical Care 1. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) → requiring close monitoring, hyperosmolar therapy, and/or surgical intervention: related to edema (traumatic brain injury, strokes: posterior fossa…
I. INTRODUCTION A. The management of pain, sedation, and delirium has a significant impact on patients’ clinical and functional long-term outcome. Many patients are admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory…
The prevalence of valvular heart disease is an increasingly burdensome problem and a common complicating comorbidity in the critically ill patient. I. AORTIC STENOSIS (AS) refers to a narrowing of the…
I. INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and is the leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality in the United States, accounting for ∼17%…
