39 Anesthesia for Vascular Surgery
The anesthesiologist may have greater influence in reducing the morbidity and costs of vascular surgery than in any other surgical procedure. Atherosclerosis is a generalized inflammatory disorder of the arterial…
51 Transplant Anesthesia
Brain death is declared when the clinical picture is consistent with irreversible cessation of all brain functions. The mainstay of donor management is maintenance of euvolemia, oxygenation, perfusion, and normothermia,…
21 Local Anesthetics
Local anesthetics provide anesthesia and analgesia by blocking the transmission of pain sensation along nerve fibers. The key target of local anesthetics is the voltage-gated sodium channel. The binding is…
46 Endocrine Function
The major risk of anesthesia in the poorly controlled thyrotoxic patient is thyroid storm, which must be aggressively treated with β-blockers, iodide, and antithyroid drugs. Asymptomatic or mild hypothyroidism does…
28 Patient Positioning and Potential Injuries
Sedated or anesthetized patients should be placed in positions that are comfortable while they are awake. Padding provided by any number of different materials (e.g., gel or foam pads, blankets)…
43 Anesthesia for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeries
Minimally invasive surgery reduces surgical stress and postoperative pain as well as reduces overall morbidity, thus resulting in rapid recovery, earlier ambulation, shorter hospital stay, and rapid return to daily…
54 Postanesthesia Recovery
The postoperative planning begins with the preoperative evaluation and formation of an intraoperative anesthetic plan. The type of anesthetic (i.e., inhalation technique, total intravenous anesthetic, sedation, local, regional) influences the…
36 Anesthesia for Neurosurgery
Anatomically, blood flow to the normal brain is supplied by the two carotid arteries and vertebral arteries. Collateral circulation is provided via the Circle of Willis. Physiologically, blood flow to…
19 Opioids
Opioids produce analgesia as well as serious side effects. All physicians who prescribe opioids for relief of acute or chronic pain need to know how to use these drugs safely….
47 Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic Surgery
The restricted spaces in the airway require an understanding and cooperative relationship between surgeon and anesthesiologist, and the use of specially adapted equipment suitable to these cramped areas. Despite only…
