Maternal Mortality
Abstract This chapter reviews the epidemiology and etiologies of maternal mortality, focusing first on low-income countries, which account for 99% of maternal deaths worldwide. The chapter next addresses maternal mortality…
Aspiration: Risk, Prophylaxis, and Treatment
Abstract Maternal morbidity and mortality caused by aspiration of gastric contents in anesthetized parturients with an unprotected airway was recognized by early pioneers in the use of anesthesia to facilitate…
Embolic Disorders
Abstract Embolic disease during pregnancy includes venous thromboembolism, amniotic fluid embolism, and venous air embolism. These entities vary in incidence, clinical course, and consequences. Embolic events account for almost one-sixth…
Autoimmune Disorders
Abstract Autoimmunity has been described in more than 40 disorders, and may result in chronic illness and severe disability. The classification of autoimmune diseases has been controversial since it is…
Shared Decision-Making and Communication
Abstract The relationship between a physician and his or her patient is rooted in common moral principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Respect for a patient’s autonomy underscores the…
The Pain of Childbirth and Its Effect on the Mother and the Fetus
Abstract In this chapter, the paradox in the approach to labor pain is examined and the basis for current therapy (anatomy), the basis for future therapy (neurophysiology), and the effects…
Postoperative Analgesia
Abstract The cesarean delivery rate in the United States and around the world has steadily increased as a result of changing patterns in obstetric practice. Recent data indicate that more…
Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
Abstract Cesarean delivery is the most common major surgical procedure performed in many developed countries, and the rate is increasing worldwide. Appropriate assessment of the patient undergoing cesarean delivery includes…
Postpartum Tubal Sterilization
Abstract Many women choose tubal sterilization for permanent contraception. Of the approximately 700,000 cases performed annually in the United States, data from 1995-2006 found that half were performed postpartum and…
