Abstract This chapter reviews the incidence, presentation and types of atrial septal defects. The pathophysiology and hemodynamic effects of atrial septal defects are discussed. The surgical and catheter-based interventions are…
Abstract This chapter reviews the thankfully rare but critical topic of local anesthetic systemic toxicity in children. The authors discuss the incidence, presentation and differential diagnosis related to local anesthetic…
Abstract This chapter provides a review of the patient with Transposition of the great arteries. The authors discuss the complexities with determining the anatomic relationships in transposition as well coexisting…
Abstract This chapter reviews the incidence, presentation and types of ventricular septal defects. The pathophysiology and hemodynamic effects of atrial ventricular defects are discussed. The surgical based interventions are reviewed…
Abstract In this chapter, coarctation of the aorta is reviewed from diagnosis to surgical management. The anesthetic and related surgical considerations are discussed using a patient with Turner syndrome as…
Abstract This chapter reviews the basics of cardiac catherization principles and the hemodynamic calculations obtained. The calculation of pulmonary to systemic flow as well as pulmonary vascular resistance if demonstrated….
Abstract In this chapter, the ductus arteriosus from development to maintenance in various disease states is discussed. The diagnostic process and hemodynamic consequences of a patent ductus arteriosus are reviewed….
Abstract This chapter, provides an overview of the transitional circulation from fetal to neonatal life. The authors describe the physiology of fetal circulation, fetal hemoglobin as well as the changes…
Abstract This chapter provides the reader with a succinct review surround the issues with uncontrolled pain and provides methods for non-pharmacologic treatment in children. The chapter discusses the sequalae of…
Abstract This chapter provides a review of acute postoperative pain in children. The authors discusses mechanisms, classification and evaluation of acute pain. Opioid and non-opioid based treatment strategies encompassing a…
