Botulinum Toxins for Treatment of Pain in Orthopedic Disorders
(1) Botulinum Toxin Treatment Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Abstract Chronic pain is a major issue in many orthopedic disorders. With the discovery of analgesic…
Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Piriformis Syndrome
(1) Botulinum Toxin Treatment Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Abstract Piriformis syndrome is characterized by chronic buttock pain exacerbated by long periods of sitting. It…
Molecular Structure, Mode of Action, and Immunology of Botulinum Neurotoxins
(1) Botulinum Toxin Treatment Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Abstract Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are now widely used in clinical medicine for treatment of a variety…
Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Fibromyalgia
(1) Botulinum Toxin Treatment Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Abstract Myofascial pain is one of the most common forms of human pain characterized by spontaneous…
Treatment of Dystonic Pain with Botulinum Neurotoxins
(1) Botulinum Toxin Treatment Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Abstract Focal dystonia is a common neurological disorder which is often painful. This chapter reviews clinical…
Future Prospects of Pain Treatment with Botulinum Neurotoxins
(1) Botulinum Toxin Treatment Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Abstract Treatment of pain with botulinum neurotoxins is now entering a new era due to the…
Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment of Unusual and Rare Painful Disorders
(1) Botulinum Toxin Treatment Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Abstract Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) can relieve painful muscle spasms through inhibition of acetylcholine release and alleviate…
