Fig. 12.1 Chemical structures of select opioid agonists and antagonist (naloxone) Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics includes the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. With respect to opioids, these processes characterize the…
Fig. 15.1 Mechanism of action of NSAIDs Clinical Uses In the perioperative period, NSAIDs are primarily used for their analgesic effect. They may be used alone for mild to moderate…
Fig. 2.1 Goals of preoperative evaluation Table 2.1 Basic preoperative evaluation Patient particulars Age Sex Height Weight Allergies Drug and type of allergy: rash/anaphylaxis Medications List of medications and those…
Drug category Mechanism of action Specific drugs Typical dose Serotonin (5HT3) antagonists Antagonism of serotonin 5HT3 receptors in the CTZ, the medullary vomiting center, and in the periphery Ondansetron 4–16…
Fig. 11.1 Drug distribution in various tissues over time after an intravenous bolus dose This rapid metabolism of propofol minimizes any residual effects after wakening. This lack of “hangover” effect…
Fig. 13.1 Physiology of neuromuscular transmission. (a) At the neuromuscular junction, where calcium influx causes release of Ach. Ach then binds to the postsynaptic nicotinic Ach receptors at the motor…
Problem Cause Treatment Difficulty/failure to ventilate Circuit disconnection Check circuit attachments Obstruction—mucus plug, biting ETT Suction of ETT, if biting ETT—insert oral airway, deepen anesthesia Pneumothorax (no breath sounds) Auscultate…
