CHAPTER 47 Lumbar Sympathetic Block Joshua P. Prager SYMPATHETIC NERVE BLOCKS Indications Pain specialists use sympathetic nerve blocks for diagnostic, prognostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic purposes (Table 47-1). Sympathetic nerve blocks…
CHAPTER 18 Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block Samer Narouze INDICATIONS The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is a large extracranial structure that has rich sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic innervations, which explains the autonomic features…
CHAPTER 10 Anticoagulation Guidelines Nirmala R. Abraham, Cathy D. Trame, and Sudhir Diwan INTRODUCTION Patients seeking interventional treatment for chronic pain can have a variety of medical problems. The aging…
CHAPTER 8 Botulinum Toxins Charles E. Argoff and Howard Smith BACKGROUND Botulinum toxins are neurotoxins produced by the gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium botulinum, as well as C butyricum, C…
