Critical illness associated with cardiac pump failure results in reduced tissue perfusion in all organs and occurs in various conditions such as sepsis, cardiogenic shock, and heart failure. Mechanical circulatory…

Differences in physiology and pathophysiology make the treatment of developing, critically ill children particularly challenging as compared to that of adults. Significant differences in the cardiovascular system of neonates and…

Among critically ill patients, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is often prescribed for anemia in the absence of active or recent bleeding. The failure of RBC transfusion to improve physiological…

Vasodilators are a potential therapeutic option for patients with persisting microcirculatory disorders despite adequate cardiac output and mean arterial pressure due to conventional haemodynamic stabilization. Venous vasodilation may decrease post-capillary…

The present review initially describes the rationale for the use of non-adrenergic vasopressors in the treatment of distributive shock and then provides an overview of the individual vasopressin-receptor agonists, namely…

Over the last decade, there has been an increased interest in the use of goal-directed therapy (GDT) in patients undergoing high-risk surgery, and various haemodynamic monitoring tools have been developed…

In case of haemorrhage, a combination of low volume fluid resuscitation and permissive hypotension is used to avoid the adverse effects of early aggressive fluid resuscitation. During this phase, occult microvascular hypoperfusion…

The ultimate goal of fluid therapy is to improve the oxygenation of cells by improving the cardiac output, thus improving microcirculation by optimizing macrocirculation. This haemodynamic coherence is often altered…

Preface Sepsis, shock and circulatory compromise are the leading conditions in perioperative and critical care medicine requiring urgent resuscitation. Resuscitation hemodynamic targets, the medications needed to achieve such targets as…