Name of anti-TNF drug Structure/mechanism of action Infliximab Chimeric (mouse/human) anti-TNF-alpha antibody Etanercept TNF-alpha receptor fusion protein Adalimumab Human TNF-alpha monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibody Certolizumab pegol Antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of human…
Fig. 16.1 MRI of lumbar spine with artifact due to epidural catheter. Personal library Fig. 16.2 MRI prior to decompression revealing a large extradural collection from T5 to T6 causing…
Fig. 43.1 Facet strain causing back pain after compression fracture Persistent post-procedure pain prompts an x-ray or CT evaluation of the injected site, especially if the pain has changed or…
Fig. 47.1 Concentration-dependent bupivacaine myotoxicity. Rabbit extraocular muscles at 5 days after injection of bupivacaine or saline. (a) Saline injection: normal-appearing muscle fiber cells displayed regular arrangement with the nuclei…
Complication Presentation Cutaneous adverse reactions Atrophy, alopecia, hyperpigmentation, folliculitis Myonecrosis/myotoxicity Attributed to local anesthetic or corticosteroid Intra-arterial injection Central nervous system manifestations Cardiovascular manifestations Subarachnoid injection Brain stem anesthesia 45.2.5…
Mechanical Biological Electrode fracture or migration for SCS Infection Catheter fracture or migration for ITDDS Bleeding Battery failure for SCS or ITDDS Nerve injury Programming or pump-fill errors for ITDDS…
Fig. 29.1 Pump flip. CT image of a complete flipped pump. (a) The CT was performed after a failed pump refill with needle unable to identify the reservoir entry; fluoroscopic…
1. Patient reports pain that is disproportionate to that which is expected given the injury 2. Subjective symptoms (must report 3 of 4 categories) Sensory Hyperesthesia Allodynia Vasomotor Temperature asymmetry Skin color…
Fig. 17.1 Catheter sheared when threaded through a needle with a bent tip 17.2 Discussion The physical and social impact of low back pain is enormous. It is one of…
Fig. 51.1 Lateral view during placement of a stimulating lead showing anterior epidural space trajectory; the lead was withdrawn and repositioned in the posterior epidural space. During testing, patient experienced…
