Fig. 15.1 Mannequin-based simulators placed in the larger simulation context which includes an immersive environment, inputs and outputs, and an operator learner pairing Mannequin-based simulators should be viewed as part…

Fig. 16.1 Participants using virtual reality haptic simulators in a conference setting These devices in general process a physical interface (e.g., laparoscopic instrument, laparoscopic camera, bronchoscope, or colonoscopes) that replicates…

Fig. 19.1 Small vessel anastomosis: (a) An anastomotic block can be constructed using a wood block on which are mounted ¼ in. angled irrigation connectors. A synthetic graft can be…

Fig. 27.1 Hyperrealistic moulage: (a) chest and abdominal wounds, (b) severe facial trauma, (c) reusable shorts to simulate leg wounds, (d) leg wound shorts (Photos courtesy of Strategic Operations, Inc.)…

Location Technical skills Hospital systems issues Teamwork/Communication In-situ/on ward + ++ ++ Simulation center ++ − ++ ++ best fit, + possible, − not feasible In terms of who should…

Fig. 21.1 Simulated head with torso (Used with permission from the KaVo Group) Fig. 21.2 Simulated head and torso with masticatory system (Used with permission from the KaVo Group) Standardized…

Fig. 28.1 The simulator interface allows neurosurgeons to explore a 3D MRI scan of a patient’s brain during presurgical planning. From the surgeon’s perspective, the interface is analogous to holding…

Fig. 38.1 Mock CT scanner. The scanner is a 1:10 size scale model of the clinical scanner. The small size allows children to prepare for the actual scan by placing…

Fig. 32.1 Synthetic bone model in simulation lab Fracture fixation is the most common application in cadaveric and synthetic bone skills training. Leong et al. [4] recruited 21 subjects to…