Absent distal pulses Expanding hematoma Pulsatile bleeding Palpable thrill Audible bruit In rare cases, with an expanding hematoma in an extremity, no further evaluation should take place, and the patient…
Fig. 26.1 The Cierny classification of adult osteomyelitis The osteomyelitis patient according to Cierny et al. can be staged by combining the type of osteomyelitis (I–IV) with the host comorbidities….
A. Primary surgical procedures in the emergency setting 1. Limb-saving procedures: Reduction of large joints, such as hip, knee, by close or open means with temporary stabilization by splint or…
Fig. 9.1 Algorithm for the initial evaluation of the patient with suspected blunt abdominal trauma (FAST focused abdominal sonography for trauma, DPA diagnostic peritoneal aspirate, CT computed tomography, Hct hematocrit)…
Age group Weight range (kg) Heart rate (beats/min) Blood pressure (mmHg) Respiratory rate (breaths/min) Urinary output (ml/kg/h) 0–12 months 3.5–10 <160 >60 <60 2.0 1–2 years 10–14 <150 >70 <40…
Fig. 7.1 Schematic: The dynamics of the initial response of various tissues following injury is often characterized by highly significant secondary cellular damage due to protracted ischaemia and a pro-inflammatory…
1 Contusion or nonexpanding subcapsular hematoma. No laceration 2 Nonexpanding perirenal hematoma, cortical laceration < 1 cm deep w/o extravasation 3 Cortical laceration > 1 cm w/o urinary extravasation 4 Laceration: through…
Fig. 19.1 Open fracture of the right lower limb following a motorcycle accident showing extensive loss of soft tissue injury, periosteal stripping an major wound contamination (Type IIIb following the…
Fig. 22.1 This 28-year-old male was involved in a high-speed motorcycle crash and sustained significant forefoot and midfoot trauma. The heel pad was severely damaged in this case which happens…
Fig. 23.1 (a) Gunshot fracture to a 25-year-old counter-terrorist fighter, caused by an AK-47. (b) Three months following irrigation, debridement, and fixation with a proximal femoral nail (Synthes, Battlach, Switzerland)…
