Fig. 22.1 Angiogram of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) Treatment options for AVMs include expectant monitoring versus complete obliteration using microneurosurgery, endovascular techniques, or radiosurgery. Embolization can be employed presurgically or…
Fig. 23.1 MEP monitoring during surgery for supratentorial tumor surgery with MEP changes Possible Causes of the MEP Change and the Role of the Surgical Interventions First, inadvertent bolus injections of anesthetics or…
Fig. 5.1 Single-unit recordings under two different anesthetics . Each tracing shows 1 s of data. Tracings recorded from the same patient during a bilateral DBS STN procedure (a and…
Fig. 13.1 The drawing at the left depicts the transtemporal insonation of the M1 segment of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) at a depth (i.e., distance) of 55 mm…
Fig. 12.1 The shaded parabolas illustrate the transcranial photon paths from a scalp-mounted infrared (IR) light source to adjacent proximal (shallow) and distal (deep) sensors. The photon paths depicted represent…
Fig. 12.1 Rationale and sequence of chapter. The headings, subheadings, and sections are displayed in columns from left to right I. Heart Transplantation A. Isolated heart donor harvest for heart…
Fig. 17.1 Schematic representation of a cardiopulmonary bypass and ECMO circuit At the start of surgery, it may be unclear which, if any, mechanical support (CPB versus ECMO) will be…
PH is defined as a persistent increase in MPAP ≥ 25 mmHg, measured by right heart catheterization (RHC) at rest, coupled with PCWP ≤ 15 mmHg and PVR >240 dyn…
Fig. 39.1 The prototypes and the subtypes of visceral transplantation While intestine being the central core of visceral allograft, the term “multivisceral” is a distinctive nomenclature for stomach-contained visceral allograft….
Fig. 33.1 Normal endothelium with endothelium-derived vasoactive substances. Sheer stress leads to a release of nitric oxide and other vasoactive molecules. [NO nitric oxide, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, Ach acetylcholine, AI…
