Sonoanatomy Relevant for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Plexus Block
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Lumbar plexus block (LPB), 1,2 also referred to as a psoas compartment block (PCB), 3,4 is frequently used on its own or in combination with a…
PAIN MEDICINE
Sonoanatomy Relevant for Ultrasound-Guided Lower Extremity Nerve Blocks
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Four main nerves of the lumbosacral plexus provide sensory and motor innervation to the lower extremity: the femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, obturator, and the sciatic nerve….
Ultrasound Imaging of Sacrum and Lumbosacral Junction for Central Neuraxial Blocks
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Ultrasound imaging of the sacrum 1,2 and lumbosacral (L5–S1) interlaminar space 3–7 is frequently performed to identify the sonoanatomy relevant for central neuraxial blocks, that is,…
Sonoanatomy Relevant for Thoracic Interfascial Nerve Blocks: Pectoral Nerve Block and Serratus Plane Block
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Blanco and colleagues 1–3 have recently described novel ultrasound-guided thoracic interfascial nerve blocks, the pectoral nerve block (PECS) 1,2 and serratus plane block (SPB), 3 for…
Sonoanatomy Relevant for Ultrasound-Guided Abdominal Wall Nerve Blocks
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Ultrasound-guided abdominal wall blocks are a recent innovation of the traditional landmark-based techniques of performing abdominal wall field blocks. 1 These blocks include the transverse abdominis…
Basics of Musculoskeletal and Doppler Ultrasound Imaging for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
Print Section Listen A sound knowledge of the basic concepts of musculoskeletal ultrasound is essential to obtain optimal images during ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (USGRA). This chapter briefly summarizes the ultrasound…
Ultrasound Imaging of the Spine: Basic Considerations
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Ultrasound has revolutionized the practice of regional anesthesia, particularly peripheral nerve blockade, and it has also been used for central neuraxial blocks (spinal and epidural injections)….
Central Nervous System Monitoring
Key Points 1. Electroencephalography can detect both cerebral ischemia or hypoxia and seizures and can measure hypnotic effect. 2. Middle-latency auditory-evoked potentials objectively document inadequate hypnosis. 3. Somatosensory-evoked potentials may…
Basic Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography
Key Points 1. An ultrasound beam is a continuous or intermittent train of sound waves emitted by a transducer or wave generator that is composed of density or pressure. Ultrasound…
Electrocardiographic Monitoring
Key Points 1. The electrocardiogram reflects differences in transmembrane voltages in myocardial cells that occur during depolarization and repolarization within each cycle. 2. Processing of the electrocardiogram occurs in a…
