Pain Mechanisms
Fig. 1 Dimensions of pain 1 Pain-Related Amygdala Circuitry The amygdala is closely interconnected with numerous cortical, subcortical, and brainstem areas. Figure 2 shows key amygdala nuclei and their connections relevant…
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of Inhibition in the Spinal Cord
Fig. 1 Immunostaining for GABA in a semithin (0.5 μm) section from the L4 segment of a rat that had undergone chronic constriction injury of the left sciatic nerve 2 weeks…
Channels and Pain
Protein Gene Human chromosome Distribution Tetrodotoxin sensitive Nav1.1 SCN1A 2q24.3 CNS; heart + Nav1.2 SCN2A 2q24.3 CNS + Nav1.3 SCN3A 2q24.3 Foetal DRG + Nav1.4 SCN4A 17q23.3 Muscle + Nav1.5…
of Nerve Growth Factor in Pain
Fig. 1 Muscular mechanical hyperalgesia after exercise and changed expression of NGF mRNA in the muscle of rat. (a) Muscular mechanical hyperalgesia developed after lengthening contraction (LC) of the extensor…
Oxide-Mediated Pain Processing in the Spinal Cord
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015Hans-Georg Schaible (ed.)Pain ControlHandbook of Experimental Pharmacology22710.1007/978-3-662-46450-2_6 Nitric Oxide-Mediated Pain Processing in the Spinal Cord Achim Schmidtko1 (1) Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, Stockumer Str. 10, 58453 Witten,…
Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Pain
Fig. 1 Endocannabinoid signalling at a notional neuronal synapse. The major synthetic, signalling, and catabolic pathways for AEA and 2-AG are shown. Other GPCRs may be involved in endocannabinoid signalling…
Relationship Between Opioids and Immune Signalling in the Spinal Cord
Mustafa S, Pfleger KDG (2011) G protein-coupled receptor heteromer identification technology: identification and profiling of GPCR heteromers. J Lab Autom 16:285–291. doi:10.1016/j.jala.2011.03.002 PubMed Mustafa S, See HB, Seeber RM et…
Concepts of Pain Therapy Based on Neuronal Mechanisms
Fig. 1 Changes in the nociceptive system during pathophysiologic nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain. Spinal sensitization and increased hyperexcitability at the supraspinal level form the process of central sensitization At…
Role of Glia in the Spinal Cord in Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015Hans-Georg Schaible (ed.)Pain ControlHandbook of Experimental Pharmacology22710.1007/978-3-662-46450-2_8 The Role of Glia in the Spinal Cord in Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain Elizabeth Amy Old1, Anna K. Clark1 and Marzia Malcangio1 (1) Wolfson Centre for Age…
of Peripheral Inflammation by the Spinal Cord
Fig. 1 Transection of the dorsal root, e.g., rhizotomy, separates the spinal cord from the DRG. All central terminals of sensory afferent fibers degenerate; peripheral terminals and sympathetic efferent fibers…
