Acupuncture
Acupuncture Olabisi Lane Jamie Kitzman Anna Woodbury Introduction Acupuncture has been practiced for more than 2000 years. Its origin continues to be debated, but is generally considered an important component…
PAIN MEDICINE
Joint Injections for Acute Pain
Joint Injections for Acute Pain Chikezie N. Okeagu Alex D. Pham Scott A. Scharfenstein Alan David Kaye Introduction Joints, the junctions between two or more bones in the body, are…
Peripheral Nerve Blocks
Peripheral Nerve Blocks Aimee Pak Peripheral Nerve Block: Background Interest in regional anesthesia (RA) has renewed since the turn of the 21st century due to the changing landscape of American…
Peripheral Stimulation Modalities
Peripheral Stimulation Modalities Eileen A. Wang Priya Agrawal Karina Gritsenko Fadi Farah Advancement of Acute to Chronic Pain With the advancements in health care management and technology, surgical volume has…
Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Pain
Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Pain Anna M. Formanek Vijay Kata Alan D. Kaye Introduction Pain began to be explored through a cognitive and behavioral lens in the latter part…
Neuraxial Anesthesia
Neuraxial Anesthesia Maged D. Fam Praveen Dharmapalan Prasanna Introduction Neuraxial blockade is an effective method for providing anesthesia and analgesia to a variety of surgical patients. It involves accessing and…
Local Anesthetics and Topical Analgesics
Local Anesthetics and Topical Analgesics Ashley Wong Naum Shaparin Introduction Local anesthetics have been used since the 19th century for their anesthetic properties.1 Local anesthetics are drugs that bind to…
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Antidepressants, Antiepileptics, Gabapentinoids
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Antidepressants, Antiepileptics, Gabapentinoids Anand M. Prem Maryam Jowza Dominika James Introduction While the prevalence of chronic pain in the adult population averages about 20% in the United…
Meloxicam: Pharmacology and Role in the Management of Acute Pain
Meloxicam: Pharmacology and Role in the Management of Acute Pain Carley E. Boyce Luke Mosel Sarahbeth R. Howes Benjamin Cole Miller Victoria L. Lassiegne Mark R. Alvarez Jake Huntzinger Alan…
NSAIDs and COX-2 Inhibitors
NSAIDs and COX-2 Inhibitors Matthew R. Eng Kapil Anand Introduction Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors have become valuable anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications in the perioperative…
