Orbital Tumors Alison V. Crum Samantha F. Bordonaro THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE There are many types of orbital tumors or masses that can occur in and around the orbit. The diagnosis…

Orbital Trauma Joshua Gentges Douglas Marx THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE The orbit is defined by the bony structures that form the orbital floor and wall. It contains and protects many important…

Ocular Imaging Gareth M. C. Lema Penelope C. Lema THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE A primary challenge for the emergency provider is choosing the appropriate diagnostic imaging test in evaluation of the…

Evaluation of Ocular Emergencies David J. Harris III Bradley D. Gordon THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE A significant percentage of patients who present to emergency departments (EDs) or urgent care centers seek…

Anatomy of the Eye Daniel S. Casper ORBITAL AND OCULAR ANATOMY Osteology The eyes, or globes, are located in bilateral orbital cavities in the anterior, superior skull. These pear-shaped cavities…

Foreign Bodies of the Ears, Nose, and Throat Alyssa Hackett Tabitha Ford THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Foreign bodies of the ears, nose, and throat are common. Their incidence, potential for morbidity…

Penetrating Neck Injuries Erica Mayland Joshua Gauger THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE The human neck is a highly complex anatomic region containing vital vascular, neurologic, and aerodigestive structures within a relatively small…

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea, Rhinorrhea, and Temporal Bone Fractures Todd Spock Christopher P. Hogrefe THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Recognition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks from the anterior or lateral skull base requires…

Facial Trauma: Frontal Sinus, Maxillary and Mandibular Fractures, Dental Injuries Benjamin Wyler Benjamin D. Malkin THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Maxillofacial injuries may be blunt or penetrating and may involve soft tissue,…