CHEST PAIN: CARDIAC OR NOT
Chest pain (CP) is a common ED complaint. The management of these patients can be challenging, is of critical importance, and the clinician should systematically determine if CP is cardiac…
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
ANAPHYLAXIS, ACUTE ALLERGIC REACTIONS, AND ANGIOEDEMA
Allergic reactions range from mild cutaneous symptoms to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Common exposures are medications, insect stings, and foods. Many cases are idiopathic. Half of the fatalities from anaphylaxis occur within…
Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
Figure 5.1. Bony anatomy of the pelvis. Illustration by Yvonne Chow. Focused history and physical exam History Location of pain is important. (see Table 5.1) Trauma Should try to distinguish…
Basic Principles of Splinting in the Emergency Department
Figure 14.1. Burkhalter splint. Upper Extremity Splints Figure 14.2. Radial gutter splint. Figure 14.3. Ulnar gutter splint. Figure 14.4. Volar wrist splint. Figure 14.5. Thumb spica splint. Figure 14.6. Posterior…
Cervical Spine
Figure 9.1. Bony anatomy of the cervical spine. Muscles The trapezius, rhomboids, and levator scapulae muscles reside posteriorly. The trapezius runs from the spinous processes of the c- and t-spine…
Concussion
Figure 11.1. Proper positioning for BESS Balance Testing – Double Leg Stance: Feet together, side by side. Figure 11.2. Proper positioning for BESS Balance Testing – Tandem Stance: Heel-to-toe with…
Lumbar Spine
Figure 10.1. Bony anatomy of the lumbar spine, lateral view. Illustration by Yvonne Chow. Focused History and Physical Exam General Considerations Historical “red flags” should alert the clinician to serious…
Lower Leg and Ankle
Background/ Epidemiology The lower leg is commonly injured in active people. Impact-related activities create repetitive low levels of trauma that build over time resulting in a variety of injuries. A…
Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Athletes
Upper to lower extremity ratio<0.85Wing span: height ration > 1.05Thumb-index finger overlap around wristScoliosis >200Hind foot collapseHypermobile jointsHigh palateMarfan faciesMinor to moderate pectus excavatumOcularLens dislocationFlat corneaMyopiaCardiovascularAscending aorta dilationAscending aorta dissectionDescending…
